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1  2  3 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

B^•/ 


m^\ 


BULLETIN   OF  THE   GEOLOGIC    SOCIETY  ( 
^  If?  VCL.  4,  PP.  24».  o     '' 


OF    AMERICA 


X,i"braTy , 
Department  of  Geology. 


THE  F/UNAS  OF  THE  SHASTA  AND  CiiXCO  FORMATIONS 


BY 


T.  W.  STANTON 


^ 


■ 


ROCHESTER 

rUBLISHED  BY  THE  SOCIETY 

June,  1893 


I 


J 


II 


-^  v>. . 


r 

\ 


f, 


ftl 


BULLETIN  OF  THE  GEOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  AMERICA 
Vol.  4,  pp.  24t>-2S6  June  8,  i893 


TIJE  FAUNAS  OP  THE  SHASTA  AND  CHICO  FORMATIONS 


RY   T.   W.   STANTON 


{Read  before  the  Society  December  ,W,  JSD2) 


CONTENTS 

Historical  Review 245 

Earliest  I-iterature 24."> 

Views  of  W.  ]\r.  (iabi) 240 

Tiie  Tojon  Controvei^y 24('> 

Work  of  the  Canadian  Geological  Survey 248 

Wliitc's  Classification  of  the  California  Cretaceous 24'.) 

Relation  of  Sliastii  and  C'hico  Faui:as 24!) 

Identity  of  Faunas  indicMited 24il 

Local  liists  of  l)otli  Faunas  from  northern  California 250 

Original  Localities  of  (Uiico  Fossils 2."):i 

Faunas  of  (iueeu  C'liariolte  and  Nanainio  l'\irniations 2.").T 

Correlation  of  (iueen  Charlotte  l'^:)nnatioa  witii  the  Shasta 2.'i:i 

Correlation  of  Nanaiino  Ik'ds  with  the  Ch.ico 2.")4 

The  Sliusta-Chico  Fauna  compared  with  the  Fauna  of  the  Blackdown  Beds  . .  254 

Ccfiiclusions 255 


Historical  Rrview. 

Earliest  Literature, — The  earliest  publislied  opinion  concerning  the  age 
of  the  beds  now  known  a.s  the  Chico  formation  seems  to  l)e  that  of  l)r 
J.  B.  Tr  sk,*  who  described  Ammonites  ehicoen-iis  and  Barulites  chicocnsis 
in  ]8.5(j.  On  account  of  the  modern  aspect  of  the  fossils  associated  with 
those  si)ecies  lie  referred  the  strata  containing  tliem  to  the  upper  Eocene. 
Shortly  afterward  Professor  J.  S.  Newberry  f  discussed  the  same  beds, 

*Proc.  Cftl.  Ai'dd.  Nat.  Sci.,  vol.  i,  IR.IO,  p.  85. 

t  I'iii'iHc  R.  R.  Reports,  vol.  vi,  pt.  2  f lsr.7  ?],  pp.  24,  'J.'.    Tho  titlo-pdgo  honrs  tlio  diitn  IS-)."!,  luit  tlioro 
is  intoniul  evidi'iioo  that  the  voliuiie  whs  not  piililishod  bofiiie  1X57. 

XXXVU-Bui.L.  Gkoi.  Soc.  Am.,  Vol..  4,  ISHL'.  (245) 


240 


T.    \V.    STANTON' — srrA>,T.V    AND    flllOO    FATNAS. 


and,  wliile  iidniittiiii,'  the  proHonco  of  modern  types  of  niolluskH,  consid- 
ered lliiit  tlie  eepliiilopods  were  .stronger  evidence  of  tlieir  Cretaeeous  iigc. 
lie  also  statod  that  he  liad  obtained  a  eolleetion  of  fossils  from  Xanaimo, 
Vaneouyer  island,  that  proved  the  Crotaeoous  n<?e  of  the  eoal  l)e<ls  at  that 
l»luee.  These  fossils  were  plaeeil  in  the  liands  of  i'rofessor  F.  15.  Meek,=i= 
who  soon  afterward  deserihed  them.  Althou-h  at  that  time  he  thou-iit 
that  the  entire  eolleetion  eame  from  Xanaimo,  he  helicived  that  two  dis- 
tinct horizons  were  n^presented.  Many  yoai-s  afterward,  when  repuh- 
lishin.ir  the  descriptions  with  li,trures,t  he  stated  that  only  those  species 
whicli  he  helieved  to  he  the  older  eame  from  Xanaimo.  while  the  others 
were  from  Como.x,  northwest  of  Xanaimo,  and  from  Sneia  island.  Those; 
from  the  last  two  localities  were  thou-rht  to  indicate  al.ont  the  horizon  of 
the  Fort  Pierre  shales,  or  nmnher  4  of  Meek  and  Ilavden's  upper  Mis- 
souri seetion.J 

In  1858  I)r  B.  F.  Shumard  ^  deserihed  three  species  of  Cretaceous 
fossils  from  Nanainio,  and  in  ISCI  Dr  .lames  llc-ctor  ||  pul.Iished  an 
account  of  the  Nanainio  eoallieUl,  uivin-r  the  evidence  of  its  Cretace- 
ous age. 

Views  nf  ir.  M.  f;,M.^Vl^  to  this  tinu'  l.oth  the  oeolo-ic  and  the  pale- 
ontologie  work  had  l.eeii  mainly  preliminary,  tlu;  hitter  based  on  very 
small  collections  l.rouiiht  ir,  hy  exnlon^rs  ;  and  it  was  not  until  1SG4, 
when  the  first  volume  of  the  Paleontoh.ixy  ,,f  California  was  pul.lished' 
that  any  serious  attompt  was  made  to  classify  the  Cretaceous  formations 
of  tlu!  Pacitio  coast  or  to  present  their  paleont.olo,-ry  in  a  systematic 
maimer.  In  that  volume  Mr  \V.  M.  Cai)!)  deserihed  al.out  2(>0  species 
of  fossils  whi(!h  he  referred  to  the  Cretaceous.  In  the  introduction  some 
general  statements  concerning  the  elassilication  and  correlation  of  the 
California  Cretaceous  Avcre  given  hy  Professor  .1.  1).  Whitney,*;  the  state 
geoh)gist,  on  the  authority  of  Mr  (;al)h.  All  the  Cretaceous"  beds  on  the 
I'acitie  coast  were  assigned  to  two  divisions  (.1  and  />').  which  were  to- 
gether supi)ose(l  to  represent  the  Upper  Chalk  or  Whitt; Chalk  of  Furope 
and  the  Fort  Pierre  and  Fox  Hills  groups  of  the  upper  .Missouri,  although 
the  Cretaceous  of  the  latter  region  .seemed  to  have  no  species  in  conunon 
with  the  California  strata. 

T/ie  lejoa  Coutmrer.vj.—Thv.  puhlieation  of  this  volume  precipitated  a 
discission  between  Messrs  Cial)b,  Conrad  and  others  as  to  the  age  of 


*Tnuis.  Albuny  In.ititut-,  vul.  iv,  l«r)S-'fi4,  pp.  ;!r,-49. 
t  Hull.  V.  S.  G<'ol.  Siirv.  'l\n.,  vol.  ii,  IsTfi,  pp.  ;(r,i-.i7i. 

ri'I.e  siiinc  opinion  is  express.;.!  in   l>rof..ssoi-  .Meeli's  li.st  woi'lc,  U.  S.  (ieol.  Siirv.  Terr    vol    i.x 
hivert.  Paleontology,  J).  XXV.  '  ' 

ii  Trims.  St.  Louis  Aeiiil.  Si'i,,  vol.  i,  ls.">s,  pp.  ]-j.'i-i ■.',-,. 
IH^iiiirf.  .Joiir.  (ieol.  So.:.  1^)1111.,  vol.  xvji,  Isiil,  pp.  IJS-l:!.;, 
11  I'llleolltoloKV  of  Cill.,  vol.  i,  18ti4,  p.  xix. 


•:  ...  •  ;  • 


••      •  •*.     •;.!.• 

.     •  •   •  ...••••       •  • 

.••••.♦•.     •     •••   • 

••••  ••••••     •      •••• 


KOCKNIC    KACIKS   ol'    'I'lIK    TK.ION. 


21' 


division  '•/)',"  now  known  as  tlu;  .'I'ojiTii  lorniiition,  Mr  ("ourad  asH(irtiii>^ 
tliat  it  is  E«»((iif  and  Mr  (ial)l)  as  stromiously  maintaining  its  Crotacoous 
a<i('/i=  Onllioono  liand,  tlio  uncincstionahlo  I'act  that  a  nuniher  of  the 
fossils  arc  iilcntical  or  closely  related  with  sjiccics  that  elsewhere  charac- 
tcri/c  the  l']o('ent>  was  rciiiirded  as  proof  of  its  Tertiary  aj^t- ;  while  on  the 
other  hand,  (he  |iri'senee  of  an  annnonitc  (Annii()i)!fi!.i  ji'finUs)  ami  the 
apparently  close  fauna!  and  strati^'raphie  connection  with  the  Cretaceous 
lieds  heneatli  were  helievcd  to  prove  its  ( 'retaeeons  aj^e.  According  to 
Mr  (lalili'st  statement  in  oiu;  of  his  controversial  articles,  2'')  species  of 
the  107  in  division  II  an;  found  in  the  uinh'rlying  heds.  When  his 
list  of  connnon  siiecies  is  criti<'ally  examinecl,  however,  it  is  seen  that, 
with  the  exception  of  the  Aiiniiniiltc'^  and  perhaps  two  o:  three  others,  they 
all  lielong  to  genera  that  have  live(l  iVom  tiie  Ci'etac^eous  or  earlier  to  the 
present  f-ne  without  undergoing  much  cliangi!.  I'rofessor  Angelo  iieil- 
prin  :|;  '  is  given  a  "areful  review  of  all  the  jiuiilished  evidence  hearing 
on  this  (luestion,  ano  in  preparing  it  he  has  studied  a  large  jiart  of  Mr 
(!al»h\s  (trigin-d  collections  of  ( 'alifornia,  fossils.  His  article  is  a  strong 
argument  for  the  Koceiie  age  o!'  the  Tcjon  and  incidentally  it  throws 
consideral)le  douht  on  the  accuracy  of  Mr  (iahh's  statements  concerning 
the  sju'cies  that  occur  in  iioth  the  Chico  and  tlu;  Tejon. 

I'rofessor  Jules  ^farcouj^  and  l)r  ('.  A.  White  ||  have  also  referred  the 
Tejon,  or  division  />,  to  the  Koeeiic,  and  tins  view  is  now  generally 
accepted.  While  admitting  its 'I'crtiary  age,l)oth  Dr  White*'  and  l)r(i. 
F.  i>eckcr,-i"!'-  after  studying  the  suhject  in  the  field,  have  stated  their 
lielief  that  in  southern  California  the  Tejon,  is  oidy  the  upper  i)art  of  an 
unbroken  sevies,  the  Chico-Tijon,  in  which  the  sedimentation  as  well  as 
the  life  was  continuous  from  the  Cretaceous  into  the  Tertiary. 

In  the  second  volume  (tf  the  Paleontology  of  Califori,  ,1,  published  in 
]S()1),  Professor  Whitney  jt  again  sunnuarized  Mr  (iabl»'s  latest  views  on 
the  classitication  of  the  Cretaceous.  Division  />  is  named  the  Tejou 
and  considered  to  l)e  the  proltable  etjuivalent  of  the  >hiestricht  beds. 
Division  .1  is  scfjaratcd  into  three  groups:  the  Martinez  grouj»,  which 
is  (h)ul)tfully  sc[>arated  from  the  one  next  l)elow;  the  Chico  group,  which 

♦Cimnicrw  iirtii'los  iiro  in  Am.  .Jour.  (jOUcIi.,  vol.  i,  ISWi,  pp.  :i62-:i<i."i ;  vol.  il,  ISliii,  pp.  U7-l(Kt,  tind 
Am.  .1(111  r.  Sci.,  vol.  .\liv,  IsiiT,  pp.  :i7ii-;i77.  (ialilv's  icpllns  miiy  bo  t'oiiiiil  In  Am.  .loiir.  Conuli.,  vol.  il, 
p|i.  S7-!I'J ;  Am.  .loin-  Sfl.,  vol.  xllv,  pp.  Jjc,  •JJii,  :i;iil  Proc.  Cul.  Aoiul.  Nut.  Sci.,  vol.  iii,  18i;7,  pp.  301- 

tl'roi'.  ('ill.  Acuil.  NiH.  Sci.,  vol.  iii,  l,>ii;7,  p.:io.'. 

t  I'roc.  Ai'ikI.  N;it.  Si'i.  I'liilii.,  issi!,  p|i.  Iti.VJI  I :  roiitrilmlioiis  to  Tortiiu-y  Uool.  uiid  I';ilooiil.  of  llio 
Uiiitod  States,  I88»,  pp.  1ol'-1I7. 
ii  Hull.  Soo.  (((''ol.  lie  Krimc'o,  tome  xi,  l.ss.l,  pp.  tl7-l:!.->. 

II  Bull.  15,  tl.  S.  Gool.  Survey.  l,sS:i,  pp.  11-17;  Bull,  "il,  1S8',I,  pp.  11-11;   Mull.  8li,  18111,  p.  193. 
II  Soo  rul'oroiR'os  just  vtivon. 
**  Bull.  1!),  U.  S.  Oi'ol.  Siirv.,  1S.S,-). 
tt  Piigfs  xiii  iukI  xiv. 


-'■18 


T.    W.    STANTON— SHASTA    AND   CIIICO    KAUNAS. 


..s  .orrdaU,.    with  th.  Cppn-  Chalk  or  |,.>w..r  Chalk  an.l,  it  is  thou-^ht 

tht,,MNMaiin;.l„.,!su(   \  aiinrnvrr  Ishm.l ;  an.l   the  Shasta  -,•..„„    ,„■„- 
v.s..,nally  ,unu.l  „,  indu.!..  a  s.-ries  of  h..ls  of  ,,i„,,....t  a,,.;  h      V 

'•■"•     A;---'l...«  to  Whitney  -  it  contains  lossils,  sec.n.inr.lv  n,.rl    t- 
".^'  a,es    h.,,,,   the  (la.Ht   to  the   Neeonnan,  i.u.h.sive.  '        '  vj' 

"one  .     .,s  lossiis  an.  known  to  exten.l  upwani  into  the  Chi^o^roup'' 

U^-;   /  .  Cun,nl.,a  il.^Hira;  S,,rrn,~\n  1S7I  the  ,eolo,ieal  snrvev 
.      ula    .e,an  the  work   n.   British  Cohnnhia  whieh  has  eonlnhuteil 

Ulsl;;:     ■;''''         '''';'h"'''"'^ <-"=aionsortheI'aeinccoaHt. 

t  I.   i.  >..n.     the  s..ope  ol  this  pap..,-  to  eonsider  the  .lelaih-l  -...h.-M,. 

;oonptMHM.tlH.(',vtne™onN^uw.o 
soip  and  Dr  (ieor;re  .M.  Dawson.f 

•  "Meet  on  \  aiwonver  -slan.!  an.l  of  ahont  i:;,0()()  feet  on  (^een  Char- 
otte  .slan.ls  The  mvortol,rato  fossils  Iron,  hoth  these  areas  have  he  . 
-nl...  an.l  Inl-y ,hs..uss...l  hy  ^r.•.r.  F.  Whiteav.-s.:     The nn .trecento' 

the  ii;  ;     /  ■  ^^^'^'V';''''^'-'""^^^'  i'^l'^'xl-^  «oction  is  the  e.,uivalent  .,f 

Mi<Hui.>tal.)nnat,.,n,  an.l  that  the  san.e  hon..,n  is  represonte.l  in  the 
.-•  lH.m  ,,a.-t  o,  N  j.n...n,ve.-  islan.l  an.l  at  sevenU  h.ealiUes  ..n  the  ^u  '  - 
••^"1  ••'  '"t..h(..lnn.h:a;  that  the  he.ls  of  the  Xanain.o  an.l  Con.ox 
eoa  u  .  s  on  the  ..as,..n.  c.oast  of  Vane.,uver  islan.l  are  n.ore  re.H,nt  an.l 
i  .  .I.^'  y  the  C  h.eo  .,rn.at..>n,  an.l  that  non.,  of  these  he.ls  are  . , l.ler 
•  n     HM        ,     I>rev,.,usly  M,-  ^^•|.iteaves  ha.l  expresso.l  the  opinion 

iMt  the  Shasta  l.,rinat.nn  an.l  Its  e.iuivalents  in  I!ritish('.,lnn.hiash..ni(l 
IH.  s..parat...l  nit,,  tw..  f.>nnati..ns,  refernno-  tl...  ol.ler  he.ls,  whi,.h  are 
espeeja  ly  ehara..ten.e.l  hy  an  ahnn.lanee  of  . I „..//.,  to  the  Neconuan 
■"..  tlu  npperport.on  to  the  (lanlt;  hnt  a.l.liti.nml  coUoethMis  showed 
su.^  a  hlen.hn,  ol  tl.  .aunas  that  they  e.>nl.l  not  he  separat.xl  and  U^ 
\  lew  was  aliandoiied. 


118 


l.s7:i--7:i,  pp.  ,iL<-!i,'.  '  "'III,.!,!,,,!  \„ iv,.,- ;n„l(;,i,,.M  .•JiMi-lctt..  Ish.n.ls:   ll,i,l., 

.Vr"'"''.'""''""""'""'''"" ^"•""<■|'^"•^'lt,.|,sla,„ls:   ll,i,l    ls7,s     ' ,   „„   I   hiM- •  o„     r      , 

L'.'il  hxuiiunalii.M  (j|  the.  iii.i'tlirrii   I'.irt  ,>,'  \-.,.  .,       ,         '      '      • '.  I'p.  '-"H  I. ;  .  )ii  ^  („.,,l,,ni- 

I-P.  I-.MT  M;  ..n  .iu-  .JJ^^-t^^^u^TZ  ,'  '""■  ''""'■  "'■"'■  ""■"•>'  '■"-'^''  ■^'<"' 

^^- ■■  A.n..r •.s,..,voi.v::';:i;- ';;;:  ;:^^:,;  '^  "o..n,w.st..n.  ..o,., ..r  .i.  n.,,,.,,;..,,  .„• 


,.p.  M-«.,,  and  Con,,  to  .;,„.a,|i.„  V^l^^,  ^l  l^"'  ''"''  '""  ''""""'  '"'■  ''  "^'*-  ^^  '^ 


iisK  (jk  i>ir,i,i:us  <(>r,i,K<'Ti<»NH. 


219 


Wliilr'x  (HitMlJiriilinii.Dj'lhc  ('aHjuriilii  Cnidrroii-s.  —  lh-  (.'.  \.  White,  wlin.st! 
work  on  tliu  ('rctiut'oii.s  of  ('aliloriiiii  lius  iiliviuly  been  rd'crrfil  (n,  jilso 
rocdjiiiizod  two  divirtions  in  tlio  SliiiHtii,  towhinh  ho  niivotho  h)C!il  niuncH, 
KnoxvilU'  iinil  Iforsotown  hods,  !iltlioiii.'li  ho  Itoliovod  thoni  to  l»o  (liwoly 
roliitod  ;  and  several  species  of  the  II(>rs<'to\vn  fauna  were  afterward 
f<»uiid  assoeiate(l  in  the;  same  strata  witii  Anrrlln,  tiie  characttM'istie  fossil 
of  tho  Kno.willo  l»eds,  near  Iliddles,  Orejjon/^-  It  may  theroforo  he 
re<.::ardod  hh  ostaltlished  that  tho  KnoxvilUi  hods  siiould  not  he  eonsidorod 
distinct  from  the  remainder  of  tin;  Shasta  formation,  althon,i,di  tliey  ni;  y 
usually  he  recognized  hy  the  ;;reat  ahuMdanc<'  of  Aiifillu,  a  fossil  that 
Hoeins  not  to  ran;^o  into  tin;  upper  jtart  of  tho  series. 

Tho  firout  apparent  did'oroneo  in  the  faunae  of  tho  Shasta  and  theChico 
formations  at  tht;  localities  studied  hy  him  led  Dr  White  to  helievo  that 
there  is  a  break  between  these  two  formaiions,  ropresontin'i  a  ^reat  timo- 
hiatus.t  althouji;h  thoy  aro  apparently  eonformahlo.  'i'lie  list  of  species 
assijiuod  to  ea(Oi  formation  hy  Mr  (iabh  also  seomcid  to  justify  this  belief, 
bui  the  sei[Uel  will  show  that  tho  strati^'raphic  position  and  the  vertical 
raii;;o  of  many  of  the  spooios  wore  very  imperfeetly  known  until  (^uito 
rooontly. 

Ki:i,ATIO.\    Ol''   SUASTA    AND   ChIi'O    KaUNAS. 


filanlili/  of  l'iiii)iii-<  indlcjitcd. — Various  mombors  of  tho  United  States 
(!eoloi,dcal  Survey  working:  in  Califoriiia  and  ()re.t;-on  during,'  tin;  last  few 
years  have  from  time  to  time  ma<le  small  collections  t)f  Cretaceous  fossils 
that  have  l)oon  submitted  to  Dr  White  for  examination.  The  lar<!;est  of 
thoso  colloctions  was  rccoivod  from  .Mr  J.  S.  Diller  in  ISS'.),  and  was 
assiffned  to  mo  for  study  and  identilication,  under  tho  direction  and 
supervision  of  Dr  White.  Tin;  colloction  ombraced  small  lots  of  fossils 
from  about  sovonty-livo  dilleront  localities  in  nortlicrn  California  and 
S(nithorn  Onitjon,  the  most  of  which  are  in  the  valley  of  Sacramento  river.:|; 
There  wore  usually  only  a  few  species  of  fossils  from  each  locality,  as  they 
were  collocte<l  by  tin,' ;;eoloji;ists  in  connection  with  other  tiehl-work  and 
without  any  attempt  at  makinji;  exhaustive  ooUootions.  Tho  Ibssils  werii 
identiliod  and  those  from  each  locality  wore,  .so  far  as  practicable,  assiuiicd 
to  th(!  Shasta  or  to  the  Chico-Tojon,  in  acconlance  with  the  distrilmtion 
of  s|iecios  in  those  formations  ;j;ivcn  l»y  Mr  (lalib.  iUit  some  of  tho  locali- 
ties seemeil  to  show  a  mixture  of  Shasta  and   Chico  s[iecies.  and   when 

♦S(io  (i.  F.  Hci'kiT,  Notes  on  tlio  ciirly  Cii'tai-'cons  of  Ciilil'oriiiiv  iiinl  Oregon  :  Bull.  Gool.  Hoc.  Am., 
Vol.  •-',  IWil,  PI'-  '-'iM-iid.-!. 

tSee  Bull.  U.  S.  (ieol.  Survey,  nnnilieiN  l."i,  \i-2,  '>\  iiml  S2. 

t  Kor  (lescri|itl(iM  ul'tlie  );eiil(i>ry  ol'tliis  region  iiii'l  Curtlier  iliai-'llssjoll  of  tile  |>illeoi|loloi.'y  see  Mr 
l»iller'«  (iiiper,  tlii.-i  voliinie,  i>\>.  ■^n't-S.il. 


L':.o 


T.    W 


STANTON—SIIAHTA     AM.   cMlrc,    Kai-nah. 


;  •""'•'■"<  tM.ruons  won,  soon  t.,  Ik,  in,.x,,li..aMv  nu.x..,|.     M,  „i, u?    , 
'  -     -...M.s„,,..s,...|  that  tlH.  two  lUunaH  wcr.  ,..;.,.  dos.lv  r    v  J     Li 

111;;:;:;::'' '"''^^ 

^..I.l  s..,.son  NFr    )   I..,.  ,.,,,  ...,„.i,,,,,,,, ,,,,■, „^  ,„,^,,^.  at    ^.^X.w    • 

I "..aou    .      ||.,.s,.   (.,ss,ls,  wlMrh  |.,v,.  m-..„Mv  1.,...,.  st,„Ii...|   ,ravo 

:::c:;;::i;::;i:r:j:;;:t;^^^^^^^^^^ 


u 
(I 


'*A)nmo,n'fi:s  /injf)„ininl,   (iiil.l». 
'^AiiniioiiitrH  hrcirrri,  '* 

'^•I>lphiclii)iri-(i.'<  Inrin^ 
Annjf(irtnt.s(/)  llnivhis, 
'^liilcm n ififi  iinprrssii.1, 
LioriniH  pinirldhnii,  " 

*Lmuiti(i  (irrl/diHi,  '• 

(ryrndes. 

Fiisitu  ar(Ui(.%  (Jahl). 
''^Anlmiiiijn;!  nurhii,  (Jahli  (?) 
.SVv//,„7V^  ((//m/(«/.s  (/j),  Jj'url).,  Wl, it- 
caves. 

Arfnoiiiiia  califnrnini,  (ial)I). 
('ill  III  id. 

fl\iiii/irii/d  rdrid,  (iaiil). 

'■^'Uiiiriiaclld  pa/Ild^  '> 

'I'Pdiiiiji.Ki  Cdiit-nilrird,       '* 
f('iirii/l;ii(  (riniai/d,  '' 

tAc)H(((/o/(  rdiii:niirririi>iis,  Mwk. 


\7Vi(/oiii(i  /ripiit'OHlatd,  CJahb. 

i'  Triijnnia  leann,  " 

Trii/Diild. 

'\l'irin<  oprrcnli/iinnis,  (;alilj. 

•(■'/'//'■^/.-i  annulata  (dal.I.)  =  CdnUmn 

{Ltiiu'ainlliim)  duimldlinn. 
fCorhn/d  fnid-ii,  (ial.l.. 
■\-Mi/ti/ii.i  (ptdilratii.'i,  (ial)li(?) 
Mildhix  Idiircolatus,  Sowcrhy. 
•|-ArJr<  traiidiiddd,  (lalil). 
y'/riird,Hi/,i  lin-iijatd,  W'liitoavcs. 
jTi'llliid  /iiijl'iiuiiiiiidiid,  (laltl). 
\' Tell i lid  iiidt/irir.soiili,  " 

'\Mdrtrd,  d.-ihhiinur!,  " 

fC/iiDiie  niridiis^  " 

jMcrh'd  nulitUd,  " 

jMi'ckiii  /ifjr/.y, 
'\Mi'rkid  -iil/d, 
UhijndKmcllii. 


(I 


*  Sfl)s(  of    tllO    llM'llliticM    Ill('llli.ilw..l , 

'--;,,« ,„.a.. ,, ,,.«,.  „„,  .:n;:;::;;,:i,;::  ^ " ""  ""■  ^''■"■"  ■"^"'  •■""="■ *  ^^  j.  a  omor. 

*t  riic  spiM'ji.s   ln'loiminif  to    '\f..  (;.,i.i,'„    wi       .      i- 

l'"H/.„n.  '-^  ^"-     ""   ""'^■'■*  l'^'^-  -'"'  '"•'•n  posirivcly  ,.s.ijt,u.,l  to  ..itl,..,- 

.■*]!■  (,i;|lil]'s  UU1IK'11"I;UU1V  js  || 


i 


M'.l,  in  luust  o.so«  without  rovi.ion,  Ihro.igiioMt  this  imj^t. 


nil 


i 


Hirr.KN   CIIKKK    AV'>   ONO   ('(yr.r.Kf'TIONS. 


251 


Of  tlic  ^.<>  sjH'cicM  in  this  lint,  tlic  I*iilfniit(tln;.'y  oi"  i'njilnrniii  jrivoH  S  as 
coiiiiii^'  tVoiM  the  Siiii.slu  lui'l  is  t'ntiu  tiic  Chico,  wliilo  '2  uftlic  otiiors  ani 
tloiilitfiilly  rot'orrod  U)  tlit!  loniitT  iiml  2  to  the  iuttor.  At  least  12  of  tlu^so 
spocjcs  arc  also  tTprcscnted  by  i<luiit;<'iil  or  very  dosoly  riliitcd  spccius 
in  tilt:  (^iKMMi  Cliarlottf  islands  flower  siiales),  and  7  are  similarly  rcpro- 
Hcntecl  in  tiie  e(|uivaient  of  the  Chieo  on  Vancouver  island. 

it  will  li*  reniendiered  that  Ilorsetown  is  a  typical  and  well  known 
Shashi  locality,  and  tliat  tho  types  of  two  of  Mr  (iahh's  species  wero 
ohtained  there. 

Many  of  Mr  filler's  localities  for  f(tssils  are  on  Cottonwood  creek  ami 
it«  hranchcs,  a  few  miles  southwest  of  Ilorsetown.  It  will  lie  instructive 
to  ^'roup  together  st»me  of  these  places  and  consider  tiie  fuswils  that  WiTu 
ohtained  from  them.  On  ifnlcH  creek,  and  near  its  mouth  on  Cotton- 
Wood  creek,  the  followin;^  were  ooliectod: 


Aiiiiuoii'ilc!*  hiitful,  Trask. 
Aiinii(iiilfi'r<  liaJfiiKniii!,  (ial)h. 
AiiniKiiillfS  rc.iiKiinIi,         " 
Tinritrlla. 


Tr'Kjitn'hi  rrnni'ii.   •,  Meek. 
Tri'jdiilii  tri/<)ii!(iih.,  >  lahh. 
Nemodnii  rinironn'mislx.  Meek. 
(Uicnlliva  Iniiinilii,      (iahh. 
I'ictni  iiitcrciiliforiiiix,      " 


This  collection  a(Ms  two  Shasta  and  two  Chico  species  to  the  Ilorsetown 
and  Texas  spring's  list. 

;\t  and  ahout  Ono,  Calii'ornia,  mostly  within  a  mile  of  the  vilhij^'c,  the 
followinj;  species  wero  ohtained: 


AniiitiHilli'.'i  hnli'.'^i,  Tx'ask. 
. I /((//(()/( /Vrs  hreirrri,       (iahh. 
A iiniKiii !!(:■<  /KilfiiKiinii'i      '' 
^iiiiiiiDnltc-i  iriiioiiill,         " 


Mtirtcxiti  claii.'id,  (iahh. 
Tnrmis  plniim,        " 
Plinniini/n  l;irl(/(ilii,  ^\'hiteaveH. 
'JVii/iiiiia  IcdiKi,  (iahh. 


Amtiinaltc.'i    {Phtjlloccrds)    nuiioxm,     Tri'/onid  !i'(iiitr<iM(U<i, 


(?) 


Meek. 
Aiici/liiccrds  ri'ini)ii(ll,  Oahh. 
Jiclcni allcs  //(/yj/'c .<'</'.•*, 
('Iindld  mntheinmii!, 
Linidlld  arclldiid, 
I'lildiiiidi'H  iHdilciiid,         " 
Hitni'nuU.d  piilitd,  " 

Aiic/iiin(. 
N('riii;rd  iiunidcusiii,  Whiteavea. 


u 
If 
II 


Tri;/(i)iid  crdii><di)d,  Meek. 

Xnidi(liiii.  rdiinHtrcirnsl.'i,      " 
I'llcdfiild  rnri'ild^         (lahh. 
PecU'ii  ojwirdHJorhti'i,      '" 
Arlciild  iinicriiiidid,  W'hiteaves. 
I'iniid. 
(Mird. 
Krijihijld. 


Most  of  the  species  iii  this  list  not  contained  in  thi;  jirecedin":;  ones  were 
ori'dnallv  descrilied  as  from  the  Shasta. 


252 


T.    \V.    STANTOX — Sir.\ST\     A 


NT)    f'iriCO    FAfXAS. 


LocalitioH  iit  flits  I'oiut  i)o.st  oflice  jiiitl  on  fi 


taut,  yk'hU'd  tlio  Coll 


toiiniifj;  nvor,  nut  Tar  di.s- 


oUlllLr  ; 


Aniiixmltcx  eh 


'imocns/s,  'J'rask 


Turrifi'Ud  .serial 


Niicula  li 


iin-(ir(uiiiliilit^  (laid I,  not  I 


iiitcdtd,  (la))l). 


looincr. 


On  Mic  Col.l   Inrk  of  ('otU.nwdo.l   vwvk   (he   loll 


olilaiiH'd 


OWIDU'    CO 


II. •cf 


ion  was 


lUii:iiJlli.-i  r]i 


'HCDtiii.-ii.-i,  iTasI' 


Bilciiniitcs  iii)pir.s.si/.i,  (lal)l). 
Nrjiliiura  hnffuunnil,       " 


Citciili-id  I 


I  Iniiicdiii   { |;ili|). 


i\iiriil(i.  (ri'iinit 


I'fc/cii  lr<(s/:, 


•ea. 


'U 


Tnrhrdkllu  nh 


n'.-<(i. 


'I'wo  of  thoso  s]»('ci('S  ai 


( 


'OUiLT  a  It 


0  conmion  to  Horsetown  and  T 


CO 


exas  sprniifs. 


w  milfs  fai-th.  r  sonthward.  tlio  (irst  innmrtant  local 


"n  Kldcr  creek,  on  tlicli-  r  of  on(!  of  Mr  Di 


Lojvry's  and  at  otlier  places  fartl 


lilies  are 


ITS  measured  sections.    Near 


(lal.I 


d'i',   were  ol.taiiicd.  while  a,  hidicr  I 


UT  westward  specinKMis  o\' Aiirrlhi  nloHi 


'nwn-"s  yielded  the  f(,ll, 


(I'l/radf 


loi'i/.on  ahout  I 


iwniu-  species : 


wo    iinles   east  o 


eaA'cs. 


"'■'/AM.Mi.'helin).  Whit-      \hn,,  Indh'uhrh,        (\.,M 


ii)li. 


Liiiin/I 
Anr/i 


'I  III 


DrnlnL 
T/irl 


II  rnHfiiniifii,       Tlahh. 
/"(/;  si  I'll  mi  III  iiiir       '• 


/■■<  lilt iinliitii 


Tilliiiit  fni  Hi 
Tcl/inii  ii.s/ifi 

Ciiciilliiit  I 

Antartc 


xinicn, 
I'll  iirii/i(, 

i; 


C/i 


iiiiiH'  riiriilii.-:. 


Pci-U 
Ariciihi 


('i)iiriniiiiiiii, 
11  opn-ni/ij'iinni!, 


(?) 


This  lot  shows  a  oreater  dilferenee  tl 


contains  at  least 
.U'iveii. 
Siilli 


laii 


lour  si)ecies  enumerated   fi 


;uiy  of  the  others,  althouuh  it 


oi 


n  oti 


lor  localities  ahovo 


'•icht  evidence  has  therefore  I 


-I'ccics  from  the  several  loealiti 


)oon  pres.Mited  to  show  that  all  th 


one  launa. 


(-■8  mentioned  very  prohahly  helon.r  u 


Near  Ikcddinif, 


l<'c|ed,  manvof  wind 


oil  ^Nirramento  river,  a,  lar-.'  niinil 


Mil  the  pi'esence  there  ofsui'l 


I  were  notohtaiiied  atanvof  theal 


•cr  ot  species  were 


>i>ve  loi'alities. 


f'rri, 


<i  (tiiririilifiiriiiis,  Cnrhiilit  trii.4 


lornis  as  ('unil/.-iv.  Irnnriitn.  7 


I'll/nil  III.  cniil- 


heds  iielon.ii-  to  tin;  san 
somewhat  hijrhcr  horizon. 

('i)llections  from  several   1 
I'ci'cl'rcd  to  the  (' 


II'  <'on(inuous  series,  thou-h  tl 


",  ••(c,  make  it  prohaiile  that  tl 


le 


H'.v  may  represent  a 


ocaiiti 


<'s  in   ()i'(;n-on   that  have  al 


I""  i"nnalion,such  as  Crooked   river,  Siski 


ways  heen 
you  moiin- 


AlJANIKtNMKNT    OF    TlfK    MA  liTI  NK/    (lHoll'. 


J.)o 


tiiiiis,  Asliliind,  and  several  placi's  in  .hu'ksdii  comity,  indicate  about  the 
sanio  horizon  as  that  oi'tho  l)od  at  llorsctown. 

Orlipitdl  fjonililicx  of  CJiico  FokxHu. — Tn  the  second  volume  of  the  I'ale- 
ontoio^'V  of  California  there  is  a  "  Synopsis  of  the  Cretaceous  iuvertehrato 
fossils  of  California,"  i^ivinii  a  eom|)lete  list  of  the  species  then  known, 
with  the  localities  at  which  they  had  heen  olitained.  For  convenience 
in  makihii  comparisons  I  have  made  a  list  of  the  species  reported  from 
each  locality  there  mentioned.  licavinj^  out  of  consideration  the  locali- 
ties from  which  only  from  one  to  ttluee  species  are  reported,  there  are 
sixteen  localities  from  which  Chico  fossils  weni  ohtained.  An  examina- 
tion of  the  faunal  lists  from  these  places  show  that  eleven  of  them  may 
he  referred  without  (piestion  to  the  Sliasta-Chico  fauna  as  represented  at 
llorsetown  and  in  tiie  uei<ihhorhood  of  Cottonwood  creek.  These  h)cal- 
itiesare:  Menicia,  Cottonwood  creek,  Crooked  creek  of  the  Des  Chutes 
(Oregon),  Curry's,  Jacksonville  (Oregon),  Nhirtinez,  mount  Diahlo,  Ores- 
tind>a,  I'aclu'eo  pass,  Siskiyou  mountains  and  'J'uscan  si)rings.  The 
other  live  local itic',  viz,  Chieo  creek.  Cow  creek,  Folsom,  Pence's  and 
Texas  Flat,  yielded  a  greater  proportion  of  species  not  contained  in  Mr 
Diller's  ('ollecti(Mis  from  Shasta  county,  hut  there  are  several  well  marked 
llorsetown  species  reported  from  each  (jf  these  localities;  and  they  are 
all  so  intimately  related  to  the  other  Chico  localities  hy  means  of  species 
held  in  <(immon  with  one  or  more  of  tliem  that  they  cannot  he  regarded 
as  helonixing  to  another  fauna. 

The  Martinez  jiroup  of  (lahb  has  long  since  heen  abandoned  as  insep- 
aral)le  from  the  Chico;  and,  as  Mr  Diller  has  shown  in  his  [laper  on  the 
Cretaceous  and  early  Tertiar}"^  deposits  of  this  regicjn,"'^  the  Wallala  for- 
mation probably  also  I)elongs  in  the  same  series. 


FaU  nAS    ok   (ilKKN    CUAUmTTK    AM)    NaNAIMO    FoiiMATlONS. 

Cofirldtidii  iif  (^ncca  ('ItarloUc  FiiruuidDn  ifitli  the  Shasln. — The  correla- 
tion of  the  (iuecii  Charlotte  formation  (divisions  (',  D  and  A'of  Dr  Daw- 
son's section)  with  the  Shasta  has  already  been  mentioned  in  speaking 
of  Mr  W'hiteaves'  woi'k.  The  additions  now  made  to  the  llorsetown 
fauna  materially  increase  tlu'  mimliei'of  species  that  occur  in  both  tin; 
Shasta  and  tiuecn  Charlotte  formations,  it  should  l)e  stated,  however, 
that  several  genera  of  annnonites  found  on  (iueen  Charlotte  islands  and 
not  yet  seen  ill  the  Sliast;i  suggest  a  somewhat  earlier  period  for  the  bed 
in  which  tiny  occur.  It  would  simplily  the  matter  if  it  could  be  proved 
that  these  aiiimouites  came  from  a  lower  horizon.     It  is  worthy  of  note 


*.\llti',  p|i.  ■-'(I.VliJI. 
.SN.XVIII    -litl.!..  LiKUl..  Sw.  .\.M.,  Vol..   I,  ISSJ, 


251 


T.    W.    ST.\NT„X-s„.,sTA     ASM.    ."IHCO    KArXA^ 


ill  tills  coiiiicclion  tliat  11 


<'nii(!(iii,rii('|i;ir|oUcs«.c( 


'('  upper  slijilcs  Mild  saiiilst 


l'>ll,('l>lltilill   /; 


imrci'.f 


aspodesthat  is,.liarn,.U.risti,.ortlic('olora.l 


nioiiiitaii 


ill  1' 


I  r(3j,'ion   aii.l  is  m,t  I 


ones,  ,,!•  division  ./ 
'/'".s  irrohlnudtlcKs,  Schloth., 
^<>  t'oriiiatioii  in  tlu'  ]{ 


11  rope, 


Kiion-n  to  mnge  IjiglaT  than  tlio  'J 


voc 


uroiiiaii 


iilTl 


N 


'/'  "/'  A'a//^/ 


iiiaiiiii 


l.cd> 


on  \' 


///('>  Hcds  u-lth  the  C/i 


ICO. 


-Th 


0  correlation  of  tli 


CIMI 


iH'i'tJoii  with  tl 


mniuver  islan.l  with  the  (^hieo  formation,  tat 


'<•  facts  ;drea(iyf,Mveii,iiiinl 


'■.vreiat,.,i(othe(iueenCharl.,ttt,ronnat 


••'lid  I  tiiink  tiiatii  < 


plies  that  (hese  hed 
ion  (lian  has  been 


Cal 


ili'i'iiia,  \'an 


■"""Panson  of  tlie  faunas  (oui.d  in  the  ti 


I'eiationship.     'J'hc  j 


<'<'uver  aiMl   (^ueen  Charl 


otte,  will   i/W' 


ken  in 
s  are  more 
silpltosed, 
iree  re'dons. 


elusion  are  tiiat  son 


"•""■'I'al  facts  that  seem  to  h 


■vi(h'iiee  of  tl 


lis 


on    V 
Afoiifi 


aneouvei-  island  ai 


IK'  ol  the  species  of //,„■»///, 


opposed  to  this  ooii- 


■'■  la ppareiitly  closely  related   t 


■-''  and  of  liiorcrnwiis  found 


'='l<'nnationofX,hraska,(oi;,nuloandeI 


■•^■J-non,  and  that  the  plants  found  in  the  .\ 
'•eot  upper  Cfetaeeous  types. 


'<>  (Species   in   the 
<e\vhere  in  tli*-  inter 


anaimu  coal  lield  ar 


lor 
'e  said  to 


With  tl 


tl 


otn 


k;  possible  exeeptioii  of  tl 


crs  that  have  little  di 


le  s 


pecies  just  mentioned  and  a  1 


^^lH•clesof  11,,.  Shasta-CluVo    | 
cast  of  the  JJock 


'.irnostic  value,  it  is  doubtful  whetl 


lew 


y  mountain^ 


I  una  occur  in  tli 


ler  anv  of  the 


c  upper  Creta 


:2'en 


aiK 


era  that  are  not  found  in  tl 
I  diU'erences  almost 


lie  ainnionites  nearly  all  bel 


le  1 


'PP»'r  C'l-etaeeousofthe  inte 


(•cous  beds 


oiiii-  to 


nioiju,- 


as  great  niio-ht  be  pointed 


nor  l•e^•ion 
out  ill  other  classes  of 


Th 


lived 
uental 


lese  tacts  mav  rca.lilv  1 


>e 


coiitenii.oraneously  in  diireivnt 


explained  by  ,su])posin,i.'  that  tli«  f 


ii-ea,  but  they  would  also  1 


0( 


•cans  separated  by  a  lonu 


lunas 
conti- 


proved  that  they  were  not  strictly  eonte 


'c  equally  well  ex].lained   if  it  eould 


nijioraneous. 


I'ow.x  JJkds. 


♦.So..  Dr  C.  A.  Wliitu's  .sl:,u.im.nr,„i  U 


'i^'oiNi  i„  umi:.  1^,  r.s.(f..ui.sm-v.,|,|,.j7-,,. 


COKHKLATION    WITH     KUIJOI'KAN    KKl'OSiTS. 


255 


(ViKHiiiUiiiui.  Of  tliu  1(1  wiiucies  li-iU'vil  'hy  Sowcrl)}'  as  (•(.niiiij:;  iVoiii 
lU:u'k(louii,iit  least  2:],  or  ono-luilf  of  tliu  ontiro  luiinlior,  arc  represented 
ill  the  Slia.sta-C'hico  fauna  \>\  closely  related  species.  Tiiese  include  such 
well  niarke<l  forms  as — 


From  JiladaloiOL — 

AxUirte  stnnla. 
Ciiriilhin  rofilclliita. 
<  'iiciill/i'ii  Jihroiid. 
E.m>iijrii  Cdiiicd. 
}fj/lllii.'i  I'lJcnliiJtiM.     I 
Mi/tilii--i  l<inri'(il(Un-i.  | 

Tli(li'<  major.  \ 
Tlirtis  III  I  III))-.  J 
Ti'lijoii'm  (tlifonniti. 

TritioiiiK  (hrihtlcd.  } 
Triton  ill,  Kpcddbllw.  ) 
Tiirrili'lhi  (/riiiinbUn,. 


Ueprci^fnli'il  in  Ciiiifiirnin  hij — 

Eri^tlnjliL  unilxiiKila.  (/) 
NciiKiiliiii  niiiriiiiri'reiixi.i, 
Ciirnlln'i  Iruiiriitn. 
Exoiji/rii  jxirnsilica. 

Mijlilii'^  Idiiniihilii.-i.  ( .') 

T/d'lis  diuiuldlii. 

'rriijidiid  (nuisdiid. 

Triyvnid  leaud. 

Tiirritvllil  aeridtiiii-ijrdiiiildtd.  (/) 


In  addition  to  these  the  Ulackdown  Iteds  contain  a  nrMil)cr  of  species 
hclonginfj  to  the  \  cnerida^  and  Aporrliaida-,  hoth  of  which  groups  arc 
well  represented  in  the  Sliasta-('lii<  o  fauna.  In  fact,  so  far  as  can  he 
judged  hy  iigures  and  descri[)tions,  the  whole  fauna  of  the  I>iacU(h)wn 
heds,  if  it  had  heen  found  in  the  western  part  of  the  United  States,  would 
he  referred  to  the  Sliasta  formation  and  ahout  to  +lie  horizon  of  the 
llorsetown  Ixids. 

Whether  the  Chico  heds  al)ove  the  fossil-hearing  Horsetown  horizon 
rc{»resent  all  the  rest  of  the  upper  Cretaceous  remains  to  l>e  deternnned. 
The  close  relationship  of  their  fauna  to  that  of  the  underlying  lieds  which 
has  l)een  compared  with  the  (iault  and  t'enomanian,  and  its  distinct- 
ness from  the  upper  Cretaceous  faunas  enst  of  the  Itocky  mountains 
representing  the  Turonian  and  Senonian  of  ]Mn-oi)e  seem  to  favor  the 
view  tliat  a  large  part  of  the  upper  Cretaceous  series  is  ahsent  from  tlie 
I'licifK'  coast. 


CoNCI.l'SlONS. 


In  view  :)f  all  these  facts,  it  seems  to  me  that  the  exact  rehdionslni>  of 
the  Chico  and  Tejon  formatioiu.  and  the  c.Ktent  to  which  their  faunas  are 
connected  must  still  l)e  regarded  as  an  dpen  (|ucstion  that  can  l)e  solved 
only,  if  at  all,  after  exhaustive  collections  have  heen  made  from  lK)th 
formations  and  thoroughly  studied. 


25(; 


T.    VV.    STANTON — SHASTA    ANO    CIKCO    FAUNAS. 


'Vhv,  spccilic  ('(Miclusions  rouchcMl  may  tlius  be  suininarizud  :  There  is 
no  fkuiial  break  any  where  in  the  entire  series  of  strata  that  have  been 
referred  to  the  Shasta  and  Chieo  formations,  (,'ertain  i)ortions  of  the 
series  are  eliara(;t(!rized  l)y  the  almndanee  of  particular  species,  e.  g., 
Ancdld  in  tlie  lower  Ijeds  and  several  species  and  jfenera  of  ammonites 
in  the  Horsetown  division;  but  these  sub-faunas  are  so  bound  together 
l)y  connecting  species  that  they  caiuiot  be  regarded  as  really  distinct, 
and  I  have  therefore  adojited  Mr  Diller's  suggestion  and  called  the  wJiole 
the  iShasta-Chico  fauna.  The  age  of  this  fauna,  or  at  least  of  tin;  i>ortion 
found  in  the  Horsetown  beds,  seems  to  be  not  more  recent  than  the 
Cenonianian. 


'A 


!h 


'\ 


I 


IS 


le 


.■-,-^ 


'\M 


